23강 태3 (수동태의 시제, 준동사의 수동태)

23강 태3

1. 시제

능동태	과거	현재	미래
기본시제	did	do	will do
진행형	was doing	is doing	will be doing
완료형	had been done	have been done	will have been done
완료진행형	had been doing	have been doing	will have been doing

 

수동태	과거	현재	미래
기본시제	was done	is done	will be done
진행형	was being done	is being done	will be being done
완료형	had been done	have been done	will have been done
완료진행형	had been being done	have been being done	will have been being done

 

 

2. 수동태의 시제

수동태 <be v-ed>의 시제는 be동사의 시제변화를 나타내며 v-ed는 변하지 않는다.

기본 시제	4가지 유형	능동태	수동태	해석[그것은 나에 의해~]
현재	단순	I do it.	It is done by me.	행해진다.
	진행	I am doing it.	It is being done by me.	행해지고 있다.
	완료	I have done it.	It has been done by me.	행해졌다.
	완료진행	I have been doing it.	*It has been being done by me.
과거	단순	I did it.	It was done by me.	행해졌다.
	진행	I was doing it.	It was being done by me.	행해지고 있었다.
	완료	I had done it.	It had been done by me.	행해졌었다.
	완료진행	I had been doing it.	*It had been being done by me.
미래	단순	I will do it.	It will be done by me.	행해질 것이다.
	진행	I will be doing it.	*It will be being done by me.
	완료	I will have done it.	It will have been done by me.	행해졌을 것이다.
	완료진행	I will have been doing it.	*It will have been being done by me.

*각 시제의 완료진행형의 수동태와 미래진행형의 수동태는 실제 영어에서 사용되지 않는다.

 

 

3. 준동사의 수동태

1) to부정사

기본형: to + 동원

기본형 수동태: to + be + p.p

He seems to love her.

=>She seems to be loved by him.

 

완료형: to + have + p.p

완료형 수동태: to + have + been + p.o

He seems to have loved her.

=>She seems to have been loved by him.

 

2) 동명사 (분사)

기본형: ing

기본형 수동태: being + p.p

 

완료형: having + p.p

완료형 수동태: having + been + p.p

 

3) 어법 문제 팁

동사에 밑줄: 시제 / 태 / 수일치

To부정사에 밑줄: 시제 / 태 / 전치사

 

4) 준동사의 수동태

	부정사		동명사/분사
	능동태	수동태	능동태	수동태
단순	To do	To be done	Doing	Being done
완료	To have done	To have been done	Having done	Having been done

a) I don´t like to be talked about.

나에 대해 이러쿵저러쿵 말이 나오는 것이 싫다. <부정사>

 

b) Never having been treated like that, she got angry.

그런 대우를 받아본 적이 없었기 때문에 그녀는 화가 났다. <분사>

 

c) Nobody like being made fun of.

아무도 조롱당하는 것을 좋아하지 않는다. <동명사>

 

 

4. 문제

다음 문장을 수동태로 바꾸시오.

1. We have said enough of this problem.

= This problem has been said enough of by us.

 

2. The police were chasing the bank robber.

= The bank robber was being chased by the police.

 

3. We have to put off the meeting till next week.

= The meeting has to be put off till next week by us.

 

4. All the players look up to the coach.

= The coach is looked up to by all the players.

 

I will prove others wrong.

I finally proved others wrong.